<rss xmlns:a10="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0"><channel><title>Discovery &amp; Innovation</title><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/</link><description>The Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States, providing more than 40 percent of total funding for this vital area of national importance. It oversees - and is the principal federal funding agency of - the Nation's research programs in high-energy physics, nuclear physics, and fusion energy sciences.</description><language>en</language><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{7E35AF2B-AFB4-4188-8BCF-984867B4B599}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2013/127039/</link><title>Heating Up While Staying Cool?</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/FBD92D3EDB47467EB81792B8A8A973DC.ashx' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Exotic effects at the nanoscale could help shape the future of electronics.</description><pubDate>Tue, 30 Apr 2013 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">Exotic effects at the nanoscale could help shape the future of electronics.</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{BE6B5C64-F11D-4880-8BFA-CE415C0174C0}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2013/127038/</link><title>Microbes, Mercury, and Risk</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/79A0F4B019DA4711BB04E12E69D801A2.ashx' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Oak Ridge researchers unlock a genetic key to mercury contamination of the food chain.</description><pubDate>Mon, 25 Mar 2013 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">Oak Ridge researchers unlock a genetic key to mercury contamination of the food chain.</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{4A6C31DB-5AAB-46FE-92DB-467BBF3A62DE}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2013/127037/</link><title>Out of Thin Air</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/pnnl/DI022713-headliner.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Nanoscience helps pave the way toward next generation “lithium-air” batteries.</description><pubDate>Wed, 27 Feb 2013 00:00:00 -0500</pubDate><a10:content type="html">Nanoscience helps pave the way toward next generation “lithium-air” batteries.</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{6381D0A5-EB55-44A1-A072-AE1FA7EC741E}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2013/127036/</link><title>Follow the Atoms</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/wiredcell-trim-headliner.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Innovative computational approach accurately maps biochemical reactions at the atomic level.</description><pubDate>Mon, 14 Jan 2013 00:00:00 -0500</pubDate><a10:content type="html">Innovative computational approach accurately maps biochemical reactions at the atomic level.</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{B712136B-FC34-48C8-94AF-D99EA455603F}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2012/127035/</link><title>Preventing Laptop Fires and “Thermal Runaway”</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/efrc/laptop-battery-fires-headliner.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Researchers point to “self-healing” materials as a potential means of improving lithium ion battery safety.</description><pubDate>Wed, 05 Dec 2012 00:00:00 -0500</pubDate><a10:content type="html">Researchers point to “self-healing” materials as a potential means of improving lithium ion battery safety.</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{D44F9932-0787-4C92-BB20-0364DD4BA80B}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2012/127034/</link><title>Profiting from Waste?</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/efrc/thermoelectric-headliner.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Researchers fashion a record-breaking material to recycle waste heat into electricity.</description><pubDate>Wed, 31 Oct 2012 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">Researchers fashion a record-breaking material to recycle waste heat into electricity.</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{AC5C4742-811D-4242-BD45-CF1F303DC4EA}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2012/127033/</link><title>Just One Word—Plastics</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/bes/solar cell/solar-cell-headliner.JPG' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;A “universal” plastic coating could lead to lower cost, more flexible electronic devices.</description><pubDate>Mon, 24 Sep 2012 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">A “universal” plastic coating could lead to lower cost, more flexible electronic devices.</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{7CBDC4AE-BE50-46C5-86FF-29A48DC6171E}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2012/127032/</link><title>Could Cheaper Gasoline be &amp;quot;in the Cards&amp;quot;?</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/efrc/house of cards/efrc-cards-headliner.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;EFRC researchers develop ingenious house-of-card structures to improve catalyst performance.</description><pubDate>Mon, 06 Aug 2012 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">EFRC researchers develop ingenious house-of-card structures to improve catalyst performance.</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{A2D94359-3B8A-4C85-B0F3-767D3F5678BA}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2012/127031/</link><title>Scientists Uncover a Photosynthetic Puzzle</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/bes/photosynthetic-puzzle/quantum-effects-thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Quantum effects are discovered at earliest stage of photosynthesis.</description><pubDate>Mon, 09 Jul 2012 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">Quantum effects are discovered at earliest stage of photosynthesis.</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{D7C039A3-0A9A-4AF9-B15A-A3D030170537}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2012/127030/</link><title>A Nanoscale “Tune-Up” for Fuel Cells</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/bes/abruna/abruna-nanoparticles-headliner.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Using sophisticated techniques, EFRC researchers are observing, at the molecular level, how hydrogen fuel cells degrade.</description><pubDate>Mon, 11 Jun 2012 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">Using sophisticated techniques, EFRC researchers are observing, at the molecular level, how hydrogen fuel cells degrade.</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{02E4F81A-F9D9-4408-9B41-5C069137A20A}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2012/127029/</link><title>Mimicking Nature Backwards and Forwards</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/bes/bullock/bes-bullock-thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Using biology as their blueprint, EFRC researchers devise a reversible reaction for hydrogen energy storage.</description><pubDate>Thu, 26 Apr 2012 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">Using biology as their blueprint, EFRC researchers devise a reversible reaction for hydrogen energy storage.</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{EA07068A-8ACE-4654-A853-0A2DA5E9C106}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2012/127028/</link><title>"Nano-Tweezers" Made of Light</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/bes/photonic/photonic-thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Researchers devise a powerful new method for manipulating nanoscale objects.
</description><pubDate>Mon, 26 Mar 2012 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">Researchers devise a powerful new method for manipulating nanoscale objects.&lt;br/&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{54C81A68-70EB-409B-8380-D623608CBE52}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2012/127027/</link><title>Softening Switchgrass</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/jbei/switchgrass/switchgrass-thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;How a "juvenile" maize gene can help turn prairie grass into fuel.</description><pubDate>Mon, 27 Feb 2012 00:00:00 -0500</pubDate><a10:content type="html">How a "juvenile" maize gene can help turn prairie grass into fuel.</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{0FEB20C3-49DD-4A80-B410-852F1B9B6AB9}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2012/127026/</link><title>Enhancing the Energy Harvest</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/efrc/energy-harvest/solar-thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;EFRC researchers fashion solar cells with greater than 100% "Quantum Efficiency."
</description><pubDate>Wed, 01 Feb 2012 00:00:00 -0500</pubDate><a10:content type="html">EFRC researchers fashion solar cells with greater than 100% "Quantum Efficiency."&lt;br/&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{AC710FFF-B64D-4BB4-A5DA-C76039425362}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2012/127025/</link><title>A Step Toward Artificial Photosynthesis</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/efrc/photosynthesis-thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;EFRC researchers construct an artificial version of a bacterium's light-absorbing "antenna."</description><pubDate>Fri, 06 Jan 2012 00:00:00 -0500</pubDate><a10:content type="html">EFRC researchers construct an artificial version of a bacterium's light-absorbing "antenna."</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{2B0DE7B7-21A3-4E8A-A569-218F3F41D391}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2011/127024/</link><title>The Strange Future of Electronics</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/bes/electronics/electronics-thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;New materials called &amp;quot;topological insulators&amp;quot; may help us chart a path beyond Moore's Law.
</description><pubDate>Fri, 02 Dec 2011 00:00:00 -0500</pubDate><a10:content type="html">New materials called &amp;quot;topological insulators&amp;quot; may help us chart a path beyond Moore's Law.&lt;br/&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{56AB5627-6D5E-490D-8141-B3C2271C9849}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2011/127023/</link><title>Brewing Renewable Diesel</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/jbei/diesel/jbei-diesel-thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Researchers at a DOE Bioenergy Research Center use microbes to synthesize a drop-in replacement for standard diesel transportation fuel.
</description><pubDate>Tue, 15 Nov 2011 00:00:00 -0500</pubDate><a10:content type="html">Researchers at a DOE Bioenergy Research Center use microbes to synthesize a drop-in replacement for standard diesel transportation fuel.&lt;br/&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{83514A12-EF16-4218-8AD4-E6E74D081623}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2011/127022/</link><title>Beyond the Transistor</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/news/in-focus/2011/photonic-thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;EFRC researchers fabricate a novel device for channeling light.
</description><pubDate>Wed, 12 Oct 2011 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">EFRC researchers fabricate a novel device for channeling light.&lt;br/&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{81D7501D-E1A7-45B0-A1BA-F54A0D6311A8}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2011/127021/</link><title>More Heat than Light?</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/bes/thermo/thermo-thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Breakthrough solar cell harvests electricity from the sun's thermal energy.
 </description><pubDate>Mon, 19 Sep 2011 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">Breakthrough solar cell harvests electricity from the sun's thermal energy.&lt;br/&gt; </a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{1C583338-6B4F-40CE-BEEF-6701515A71CE}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2011/127020/</link><title>Peering into a Quantum Well</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/nersc/nersc-thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Supercomputer simulation illuminates mysterious "droop" in solid-state lighting.
</description><pubDate>Thu, 01 Sep 2011 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">Supercomputer simulation illuminates mysterious "droop" in solid-state lighting.&lt;br/&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{A1D04747-0FD6-4D7E-8DE1-40C8D27F929A}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2011/127019/</link><title>Beating Nature at her Own Game?</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/news/in-focus/2011/hydrogengas-speed.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;New catalyst speeds conversion of electricity to hydrogen fuel.
</description><pubDate>Wed, 24 Aug 2011 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">New catalyst speeds conversion of electricity to hydrogen fuel.&lt;br/&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{379FFBDC-67DE-46F9-AE8C-5C4C5EF79E56}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2011/127018/</link><title>Trapping the Light Fantastic</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/bes/lmi-thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;New solar cell design uses advanced optics and nanotechnology to maximize performance and minimize cost. Discovery moves from lab bench to initial commercial scale-up inside a year.
</description><pubDate>Thu, 07 Jul 2011 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">New solar cell design uses advanced optics and nanotechnology to maximize performance and minimize cost. Discovery moves from lab bench to initial commercial scale-up inside a year.&lt;br/&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{DDB658E2-B86F-4EB0-BA8E-7897F41FC511}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2011/127017/</link><title>GE Uses DOE Advanced Light Sources to Develop Revolutionary Battery Technology</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/news/in-focus/2011/ge-durathon-thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Company is constructing a new battery factory in Upstate New York that is expected to create 300+ jobs.
</description><pubDate>Mon, 13 Jun 2011 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">Company is constructing a new battery factory in Upstate New York that is expected to create 300+ jobs.&lt;br/&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{57CC78C2-9841-4384-8610-96A24F155BD9}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2011/127016/</link><title>Superfast Search Engine Speeds Past the Competition</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/lbnl/search-thumbnail.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Software developed for analyzing physics data finds powerful commercial applications.
</description><pubDate>Tue, 31 May 2011 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">Software developed for analyzing physics data finds powerful commercial applications.&lt;br/&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{695ED46B-F99A-4C32-A676-504E0ED87557}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2011/127015/</link><title>Scientists Create World’s Smallest Battery</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/smallest-battery-thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Effort yields insights that could improve battery performance.
</description><pubDate>Mon, 16 May 2011 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">Effort yields insights that could improve battery performance.&lt;br/&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{3616CDD8-D047-4210-902C-10E5825830B2}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2011/127014/</link><title>Using DNA to Build Nanomaterials</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/bnl/dna nano/dna-nanoassembly-thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Scientists use complementary strands of synthetic DNA to build functional materials from the bottom up. Future applications include biosensors, optical &lt;span style="white-space:nowrap;"&gt; nano-devices,&lt;/span&gt; and new kinds of solar cells.
</description><pubDate>Mon, 09 May 2011 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">Scientists use complementary strands of synthetic DNA to build functional materials from the bottom up. Future applications include biosensors, optical &lt;span style="white-space:nowrap;"&gt; nano-devices,&lt;/span&gt; and new kinds of solar cells.&lt;br/&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{D052EB76-AE7C-4172-819F-BA34F9EE9AE7}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2011/127013/</link><title>Beyond Silicon: Cutting the Costs of Solar Power</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/illinois/127013-thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;New method of fabricating semiconductors from gallium arsenide promises more affordable solar power, improved semiconductor devices.
</description><pubDate>Fri, 15 Apr 2011 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">New method of fabricating semiconductors from gallium arsenide promises more affordable solar power, improved semiconductor devices.&lt;br/&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{908B4087-25C3-42FE-8D79-0C60AEDE9D49}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2011/127012/</link><title>Getting the Lead Out</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/ames/wire_thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Discarded electronics no longer pose an environmental hazard from lead solder thanks to a lead-free alternative developed at the Ames Laboratory.
</description><pubDate>Fri, 08 Apr 2011 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">Discarded electronics no longer pose an environmental hazard from lead solder thanks to a lead-free alternative developed at the Ames Laboratory.&lt;br/&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{69DC19EA-D38C-4932-B35D-36F1E73A51F6}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2011/127011/</link><title> Thin Sheet of Diamond Has Worlds of Uses</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/anl/diamonds/127011_uncd_seal-hirez_thum.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;A new technique from Argonne National Laboratory creates thin diamond films that are helping industry save energy and could even be used in heart and eye implants.
</description><pubDate>Fri, 01 Apr 2011 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">A new technique from Argonne National Laboratory creates thin diamond films that are helping industry save energy and could even be used in heart and eye implants.&lt;br/&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{17098CD4-4F4C-48FB-AEC4-A1A1B821E43C}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2011/127001/</link><title>Ladies and Gentlemen, Start Your Engines</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/pnnl/pnnl_thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Fundamental studies in catalysis enabled the use of efficient “lean-burn” engines for vehicle transportation.</description><pubDate>Mon, 28 Mar 2011 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">Fundamental studies in catalysis enabled the use of efficient “lean-burn” engines for vehicle transportation.</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{2274AFC7-BF4A-40DF-8F8B-DE749EFDFF3E}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2011/127002/</link><title>From Gasoline to Grassoline: Microbes Produce Fuels Directly from Biomass</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/ber/doe_grassoline_ecoli_thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;A microbe that can produce an advanced biofuel directly from biomass was developed by researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy’s Joint BioEnergy Institute.
</description><pubDate>Mon, 28 Mar 2011 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">A microbe that can produce an advanced biofuel directly from biomass was developed by researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy’s Joint BioEnergy Institute.&lt;br/&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{AC54BBA6-5A41-4F6E-AFAC-DF7390AF6274}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2011/127003/</link><title>New Catalyst Opens Way to Next-Generation Fuel Cells</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/bnl/fuel_cell_group_thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;A new highly stable catalyst developed at Brookhaven Lab lowers barriers to commercial use of fuel cells in vehicles and stationary applications.
</description><pubDate>Mon, 28 Mar 2011 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">A new highly stable catalyst developed at Brookhaven Lab lowers barriers to commercial use of fuel cells in vehicles and stationary applications.&lt;br/&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{E911E9FD-4053-4DFB-91F1-B5BE7D2B9E5F}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2011/127004/</link><title>Nations Work Together to Discover New Element</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/ornl/ornl_element117_thumb.JPG' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;The discovery of element 117 increases evidence for the "island of stability" in super-heavy nuclei, opening new frontiers of chemistry.
</description><pubDate>Mon, 28 Mar 2011 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">The discovery of element 117 increases evidence for the "island of stability" in super-heavy nuclei, opening new frontiers of chemistry.&lt;br/&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{30A0D59C-271C-4F64-8C03-736BF4351B5A}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2011/127005/</link><title>Cooking Up Hot Quark Soup</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/bnl/rhic/inside_phenix_thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Near-light-speed collisions of gold ions provide a recipe for in-depth explorations of matter and fundamental forces.
</description><pubDate>Mon, 28 Mar 2011 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">Near-light-speed collisions of gold ions provide a recipe for in-depth explorations of matter and fundamental forces.&lt;br/&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{8C687E84-18B3-4E54-BA71-FFEDE11994E8}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2011/127006/</link><title>The Breakthrough Behind the Chevy Volt Battery</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/anl/volt/volt01_thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;A revolutionary breakthrough cathode for lithium-ion batteries—the kind in your cell phone, laptop and new hybrid cars—makes them last longer, run more safely and perform better than batteries currently on the market.
</description><pubDate>Mon, 28 Mar 2011 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">A revolutionary breakthrough cathode for lithium-ion batteries—the kind in your cell phone, laptop and new hybrid cars—makes them last longer, run more safely and perform better than batteries currently on the market.&lt;br/&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{ED9AA54C-E382-42F3-9BC8-FAF69F00CAF7}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2011/127007/</link><title>Detecting Nuclear Threats</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/pppl/dnt/dnt_01_thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Plasma physics challenge yields portable nuclear detector for homeland security.
</description><pubDate>Mon, 28 Mar 2011 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">Plasma physics challenge yields portable nuclear detector for homeland security.&lt;br/&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{788B7509-23C0-4EE8-B8A2-D4DBA7039417}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2011/127008/</link><title>Firm Uses DOE’s Fastest Supercomputer to Streamline Long-Haul Trucks</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/ornl/aero/smart_truck_thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Sophisticated simulation on the world’s fastest computer for science makes trucks more aerodynamic, saves fuel, helps environment.
</description><pubDate>Mon, 28 Mar 2011 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">Sophisticated simulation on the world’s fastest computer for science makes trucks more aerodynamic, saves fuel, helps environment.&lt;br/&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{EDEF109C-9EE9-4E13-AB9A-E73FF9DAAAE4}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2011/127009/</link><title>Premier Tools of Energy Research Also Probe Secrets of Viral Disease </title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/slac/slac_b_kornberg_thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Advanced light sources peer into matter at the atomic and molecular scales, with applications ranging from physics, chemistry, materials science, and advanced energy research, to biology and medicine.
</description><pubDate>Mon, 28 Mar 2011 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">Advanced light sources peer into matter at the atomic and molecular scales, with applications ranging from physics, chemistry, materials science, and advanced energy research, to biology and medicine.&lt;br/&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{C8ED5E3B-27DD-4B1D-8D86-0591BE0BBF07}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/discovery-and-innovation/stories/2011/127010/</link><title>Glass Stronger than Steel </title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/_/images/stories/lbnl/doe_metallic_glass_thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;A new type of damage-tolerant metallic glass, demonstrating a strength and toughness beyond that of steel or any other known material, has been developed and tested by a collaboration of researchers from Berkeley Lab and Caltech.
</description><pubDate>Mon, 28 Mar 2011 00:00:00 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">A new type of damage-tolerant metallic glass, demonstrating a strength and toughness beyond that of steel or any other known material, has been developed and tested by a collaboration of researchers from Berkeley Lab and Caltech.&lt;br/&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{58B28D5A-2CEB-42AC-ACEB-21738879AB51}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/ascr/highlights/2012/ascr-2012-10-c/</link><title>Designing Drugs on Supercomputers</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/ascr/images/highlights/2012/10/baudry-thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Researchers use Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility to accelerate drug discovery.</description><pubDate>Fri, 15 Mar 2013 17:37:58 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">
		&lt;p&gt;Jerome Baudry, an assistant professor at the University of Tennessee (UT) and member of the Center for Molecular Biophysics at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and his team of computational biophysicists use supercomputers much like other scientists use microscopes. After making alterations to publicly licensed software from the Scripps Research Institute, they were able to create 3D biological simulations of compounds docking with receptors in the body and run it on one of the world’s fastest computers to screen millions of candidates in a few days. The simulations the team created are based upon the process by which molecular compounds function within the body. Pharmaceuticals work because they bind specifically to certain cellular receptors that play roles in health and disease; similar to the way a key fits a lock. When that key opens too many locks, however, side effects occur. Baudry and his collaborators want to be able to predict the specific binding of a drug to a receptor to avoid cross-reactivity. Knowing this behavior will help researchers generate drug candidates likely to survive clinical trials. Thanks to the efficient and massive computations possible using the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility, Baudry and his collaborators can screen drug candidates against multiple receptors and the dynamic structural variations of those receptors. The ability to run simulations greatly reduces the sample size as poor drug candidates get eliminated and ultimately produces a more specifically binding, and therefore more efficient, drug.&lt;/p&gt;
</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{4C9F237A-9310-40D9-BC5F-BB7C8AAA8212}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/ascr/highlights/2012/ascr-2012-10-b/</link><title>Universe in a (Blue) Bottle</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/ascr/images/highlights/2012/10/91212-supercomputer-universe-thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Simulating the evolution of the universe on the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility’s IBM Blue Gene/Q.</description><pubDate>Mon, 18 Mar 2013 10:33:10 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">
		&lt;p&gt;Cosmology—the science of the origin and development of the universe—is entering one of its most scientifically exciting phases. Two decades of surveying the sky have culminated in the celebrated Cosmological Standard Model. While the model describes current observations to accuracies of several percent, two of its key pillars, dark matter and dark energy—together accounting for 95% of the mass energy of the universe—remain mysterious. Scientists would love to be able to rewind the universe and watch what happened from the start. Since that's not possible, researchers must create their own mini-universes inside computers and unleash the laws of physics on them, to study their evolution. Using the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility’s IBM Blue Gene/Q, researchers have simulated the evolution of the universe through the first 13 billion years after the big bang. The simulation tracks the movement of trillions of particles as they collide and interact with each other, forming structures that transform into galaxies. This simulation is part of a project led by physicists Salman Habib and Katrin Heitmann of Illinois' Argonne National Laboratory resolving galaxy-scale mass concentrations over observational volumes representative of state-of-the-art sky surveys. This initiative targets an approximately two- to three-orders-of-magnitude improvement over currently available resources. The simulation is based on the new HACC (Hardware/Hybrid Accelerated Cosmology Code) framework aimed at exploiting emerging supercomputer architectures such as the IBM Blue Gene/Q at the ALCF. HACC is the first (and currently the only) large-scale cosmology code suite worldwide that can run at this scale and beyond on all available supercomputer architectures. To achieve this versatility, the researchers had to build the code from scratch working closely with advanced computing researchers. One of the main mysteries they hope to solve with the simulations is the origin of the dark energy that's causing the universe to accelerate in its expansion.&lt;/p&gt;
</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{55CEF659-B461-4369-AA05-8AB2E8BFEF23}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/ascr/highlights/2012/ascr-2012-10-a/</link><title>“Dark Fiber” Enables Research to Create Tomorrow’s Internet</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/ascr/images/highlights/2012/10/100g-sim-thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;The Advanced Networking Initiative testbed is allowing researchers to develop radical new technologies for the next generation Internet.</description><pubDate>Fri, 10 May 2013 16:35:48 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">
		&lt;p&gt;The 100 Gbps dark  fiber testbed provides a facility for researchers to address the challenges of  deploying and operating high speed optical networks. This includes research  into disruptive technologies and approaches that are not ready to mingle with  production traffic. “Just because the network is 10 times faster does not mean  the protocols and middleware will be 10 times faster,” said Brian Tierney of  the Energy Science network (ESnet). Such discrepancies could create bottlenecks  that slow down the network, frustrating fulfillment of its potential.  The testbed, which is open to industry,  government labs and academia, allows a user project to be the only traffic on  the testbed, enabling experiments in a truly controlled environment. One of the  challenges in network research is repeatability, so giving a researcher  complete control of a 100 Gbps testbed allows the experiment to be re-run  multiple times, enabling them to adjust the experiment if needed, leading to  more exact results. For the networking research community, there is no other  test environment like this that provides researchers the ability to experiment  with their ideas “at scale” on a national backbone. And none of the U.S.  research groups in industry or academia could afford to build an environment  like this on their own. Eric Dube, Senior Product Manager of Systems at Bay  Microsystems, Inc., stated  “This is the  first time Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) over distance has been proven to  work at full bandwidth for 40 Gbps data rates. Gaining access to a 40 Gbps wide  area optical circuit is very costly and had prohibited this kind of research in  the past. Using the ANI testbed, we are now able to prove these concepts in a  live network environment setting the stage for deploying scalable RDMA-enabled  applications over 100G networks. This is especially important as more  geographically dispersed data centers and science sites will require this type  of bandwidth and capability.” &lt;/p&gt;
</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{827B7490-9130-45F4-9738-7AA505E6863D}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/ascr/highlights/2012/ascr-2012-06-a/</link><title>Supercomputers Drive Discovery of Materials for More Efficient Carbon Capture</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/ascr/images/highlights/2012/06/gtoc-thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Researchers use NERSC to Create Carbon Dioxide-Separating Polymer.</description><pubDate>Fri, 10 May 2013 16:35:53 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">
		&lt;p&gt;Using supercomputers at the Department of Energy’s National   Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), researchers from   Haverford College have come up with a new type of two-dimensional polymer,   PG-ES1, which allows, in theory, for highly efficient separation of carbon   dioxide. Based on simulations, PG-ES1 is predicted to be more than 100-times   as permeable to carbon dioxide than the best existing materials, while   maintaining a rejection of nitrogen and methane gases that meets or exceeds   the best existing materials. This allows it to act as a molecular filter that   lets the carbon dioxide to pass through easily, while preventing other gases   from escaping. Haverford Assistant Professor of Chemistry Joshua Schrier   authored a paper on this new material in the most recent issue of ACS Applied   Materials and Interfaces. He says the key to the new process is to utilize   both the preferential adsorption of carbon dioxide gas molecules on the   surface and the ability to create small, nanometer-sized pores in the surface.   “Nitrogen and carbon dioxide are linear molecules, and the holes are too small   to allow them to enter in any way other than along their ‘skinniest’   dimensions,” says Schrier. “As it turns out, carbon dioxide is a little   skinnier than nitrogen, which allows it to pass through the hole more readily.   Although it is unlikely that a random molecule would have the correct   orientation, the surface adsorption helps increase the local concentration of   carbon dioxide and allows each carbon dioxide molecule to try several attempts   at different orientations until it finds the correct one, which ‘stacks the   deck’ in favor of carbon dioxide passage. Nobody has previously considered the   role of surface adsorption on the barrier crossing process, but it is   absolutely crucial for performing this type of separation.”&lt;/p&gt;
</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{A5BC3BF9-BFDA-4030-81B9-C06A32DC58E7}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/ascr/highlights/2012/ascr-2012-04-a/</link><title>Water, Water, Everywhere</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/ascr/images/highlights/2012/04/desal-thumb.jpg' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;NERSC helps researchers design new desalination technology.</description><pubDate>Fri, 10 May 2013 16:35:31 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">
		&lt;p&gt;Guided by advanced molecular modeling at the National Energy Research Supercomputing Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology scientists are investigating how to turn atom-thick carbon layers into membranes for a new and improved desalination method in places with inadequate fresh water. “Without any actual experimental demonstration, what our calculations tell us is that the performance of the graphene membrane for water desalination would be very high,” says Jeffrey Grossman, a materials scientist who is MIT’s Carl Richard Soderberg, associate professor of power engineering and leader of the investigation. Graphene, first described in 1962 and the focus of a 2010 Nobel Prize in physics, is a chicken-wire mesh of carbon atoms that provide the underpinnings for graphite, charcoal, carbon nanotubes and buckyballs. What has sparked Grossman’s group’s interest is graphene’s phenomenal structural strength and chemical attributes that might make it ideal for filtering salt from seawater. The goal is to drill just-the-right-width, billionth-of-a-meter nanopores into graphene’s normally impenetrable surface so pressurized water alone could get through without damaging the ultrathin structure. That might make it more efficient than the reverse osmosis process that now offers the best performance of all seawater desalination options. The problem is reverse osmosis has comparatively high costs and energy use. Those faults mean that although seawater is widely available, “dramatically new technologies” are needed to make desalination “a sustainable water supply option,” Grossman and graduate student David Cohen-Tanugi reported earlier this year in the journal Nano Letters. Computer modeling is increasingly essential to modern-day chemistry and materials science because, according to Grossman “it sits in between theory and experiment,” so that “we can do actually what an experiment would have a hard time doing, which is to peel away the levels of complexity one by one.”&lt;/p&gt;
</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{05856B6A-AE72-474E-953F-A3832973C074}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/bes/highlights/2013/bes-2013-02-e/</link><title>An Unexpected Heat Wave</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/330C7EBF533F46ACA50A13DC4DBE1D72.ashx' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Observation of wavelike heat conduction reveals new possibilities for tailoring thermal transport through wave effects.</description><pubDate>Fri, 10 May 2013 11:13:36 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">&lt;p&gt;In many materials, thermal energy is transported by vibrations of the atomic lattice known as phonons. Similar to photons of light, these lattice vibrations can be treated as waves, but in most materials the phases of the phonon waves quickly randomize after interacting among themselves, with any imperfection or with any interface between two materials. This phase randomization means that the transport of heat becomes incoherent and difficult to predict or control. In this study, heat transport through superlattices (SL) made up of periodic stacks of semiconductor thin films was studied both experimentally and theoretically with a surprising result.&amp;nbsp;A novel experimental approach indicated that the wave properties of some heat-carrying phonons &amp;ndash; and their coherence &amp;ndash; could be maintained even with the presence of several material interfaces. Theoretical studies supported the experimental conclusions that the low frequency phonons traveled through the SL stack in coherent fashion as if the layered structure was a homogeneous material. This scientific discovery and modeling capability opens new pathways for controlling heat transfer through materials by tailoring the lattice waves at the nanostructure scale.&lt;/p&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{C6029213-9182-4952-B478-6CF336036F65}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/bes/highlights/2013/bes-2013-02-d/</link><title>Double the Charge from One Photon in Organic Photovoltaics</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/8E64780517404923909574AF5FA3CDB3.ashx' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;First observation of key intermediate state in the conversion of one photon to two electrons.</description><pubDate>Fri, 10 May 2013 11:13:36 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">&lt;p&gt;Multiple exciton generation (MEG) refers to the creation of two or more pairs of charge carriers (electron-hole pairs known as excitons) from the absorption of one photon. Although MEG holds great promise for improving the efficiency of organic solar cells, it has proven challenging to implement.&amp;nbsp;Using a model system based on either pentacene or tetracene molecules deposited upon carbon fullerene bilayers, EFRC scientists have used femtosecond electron spectroscopy to directly observe a new multiexciton (ME) state ensuing from the absorption of a single photon in the molecular layer.&amp;nbsp;Data for both systems indicate that the ME state can decay into two separate excitons and that one electron can be transferred into the fullerene layer from each exciton.&amp;nbsp;For pentacene, two electrons can be directly transferred from the ME state to an adjacent fullerene layer on a sub-picosecond time scale, which is much faster than electron transfer from either of the two separate excitons from ME decay. In this mechanism, losses in photovoltaic efficiency due to unproductive decay or recombination of individual excitons can be avoided by directly extracting multiple electrons from the ME state at the fullerene surface.&amp;nbsp;Investigation of these processes has generated a new set of design principles for harvesting energy through multiple exciton generation in molecular systems.&lt;/p&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{A1F1F429-A46A-4970-9BC3-853158E1144B}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/bes/highlights/2013/bes-2013-02-c/</link><title>Understanding Nature’s Choreography in Batteries</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/214E9D85FBC64973AC4D23F2E487EF31.ashx' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Charge-discharge chemistry for lithium ion batteries elucidated by theoretical calculations.</description><pubDate>Fri, 10 May 2013 11:13:35 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">&lt;p&gt;Ethylene carbonate (EC) electrolytes and manganese spinel (Li&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;Mn&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) positive electrodes are commonly used in lithium ion batteries.&amp;nbsp;A comparison of the electrochemical potentials of EC and bulk Li&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;Mn&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; suggests that decomposition of the electrolyte would not occur directly by electrons being transferred from EC to the electrode material, but the surface of a solid can have very different properties than its interior bulk.&amp;nbsp;Researchers at Sandia National Laboratories, as part of the Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES) EFRC, have completed detailed coupled simulations of the molecules of the electrolyte and the surface of the positive electrode showing that the oxygen atoms on a Li&lt;sub&gt;0.6&lt;/sub&gt;Mn&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; surface can deform and weakly bind the EC molecule when it is near the electrode surface. This initial interaction does not involve the transfer of electrons (i.e., oxidation) but does enable breaking of the carbon-oxygen bond and subsequent molecular rearrangements that result in two electrons and a proton being transferred to the electrode surface.&amp;nbsp; Therefore, a predicted series of five steps breaks down the electrolyte molecule, leaving the oxidized EC fragment still bound to the now acidified electrode surface.&amp;nbsp; Acidification of positive electrodes is widely believed to initiate corrosion of the electrode surface and possible dissolution of manganese atoms.&amp;nbsp;The proposed acidification mechanism&amp;nbsp;illustrates the importance of modeling the electrolyte and the electrode surface together.&lt;/p&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{C0AB145B-3B67-4B29-987A-C745A176A198}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/bes/highlights/2013/bes-2013-02-b/</link><title>Nano-Composite Designs for Energy Storage</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/DCE164BCA2684EA89EDA0C6A53141472.ashx' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Nano-porous metal oxide coatings on carbon fiber dramatically enhance the electrical storage capacity for supercapacitors.</description><pubDate>Fri, 10 May 2013 11:13:35 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">&lt;p&gt;Pseudocapacitors are supercapacitors that store electrical charge both like a capacitor (with the normal electrostatic double layer of charges at the electrode-electrolyte interface) and like a battery (with multiple chemical reaction mechanisms involving charge transport across the electrode-electrolyte interface).&amp;nbsp; Metal oxides such as cobalt or manganese oxide (C&lt;sub&gt;o3O4&lt;/sub&gt; or MnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) store pseudocapacitive charge via metal ions which change oxidation state (e.g., Mn&lt;sup&gt;+3&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: symbol; color: #363636; font-size: 10pt;"&gt;&amp;Ucirc;&lt;/span&gt; Mn&lt;sup&gt;+4&lt;/sup&gt;) as a result of the charge transfer.&amp;nbsp;Researchers at the Energy Frontier Research Center on Heterogeneous Functional Materials, the &amp;ldquo;HeteroFoaM Center,&amp;rdquo; have discovered how the relative sizes, shapes, atomic arrangements and interfaces of the materials in psuedocapacitors control the amount of charge that can be stored and even the mechanisms of charge storage.&amp;nbsp;In fact, the electrochemical storage properties are not limited by the properties of the materials and can be radically different if the &amp;ldquo;heterogeneity&amp;rdquo; of the composite material is understood and optimized. For example, as-deposited MnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; on conductive carbon fiber showed high specific capacitance (333 F/g) due to psuedocapacitance of the manganese ions, but conversion of the material through heat treatment to a different heterogeneous arrangement &amp;ndash; a mixed-valence, nano-porous MnOx coating &amp;ndash; dramatically enhanced storage capacity, achieving very high specific capacitance (~2,500 F/g) while maintaining excellent power density (~98 kW/kg at ~122.7 A/g).&lt;/p&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{4DABE467-3780-4FDA-88D2-7B004B0ECE96}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/bes/highlights/2013/bes-2013-02-a/</link><title>Making the Right Substitution for Better Thermoelectrics</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/C7B16C93B72C4DA895FFCD6323806573.ashx' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;Exploiting the self-organizing nature of atoms to block heat transfer and improve thermal-to-electrical energy conversion.</description><pubDate>Fri, 10 May 2013 11:13:34 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">&lt;p&gt;Like a coach in sports, making the right substitution can make the difference between winning and losing. Using a combination of theory and simulations, the researchers at the University of Michigan EFRC predicted that replacing some of the antimony (Sb) atoms in the skutterudite mineral, cobalt antimonide (CoSb&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;), would disrupt the atomic vibrations that play a crucial role in transferring heat through the material &amp;ndash; but only if the replacement atoms took up specific atomic locations in the crystal structure. Quantum mechanical calculations were used to predict that entire 4-member rings of Sb atoms (Sb4) would be replaced by cross-diagonal rings of Ge&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;Te&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; due to the natural, atomic ordering tendencies of alloying elements. The consequences of this substitution order on the atomic vibrations responsible for heat transfer was verified by molecular dynamic simulations and then experimentally demonstrated by measuring the reduction in the thermal conductivity for the substituted material CoSb&lt;sub&gt;3(1-x)&lt;/sub&gt;Ge&lt;sub&gt;1.5x&lt;/sub&gt;Te&lt;sub&gt;1.5x&lt;/sub&gt;. This approach and resulting insights can be extended to other families of thermoelectric materials to reduce the thermal conductivity of these materials and increase the efficiency of heat-to-electricity conversion for thermoelectric devices.&lt;/p&gt;</a10:content></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">{F2744DB8-8FA0-490B-A031-44FEEA748952}</guid><link>http://science.energy.gov/bes/highlights/2013/bes-2013-01-a/</link><title>Mapping Subsurface CO2 Migration</title><description>&lt;img src='/~/media/1F6D9519A1064CCAA7E18958908C5C00.ashx' align='left' style='height:75px;width:135px;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:10px;'/&gt;New computational technique creates high resolution maps of subsurface CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; after geologic sequestration.</description><pubDate>Fri, 10 May 2013 11:13:34 -0400</pubDate><a10:content type="html">&lt;p&gt;A powerful new &amp;ldquo;seismic inversion&amp;rdquo; technique&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;uses time-lapse seismic data to make high resolution images useful for evaluating subsurface migration of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; following geologic sequestration. Migration of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; alters the mechanical properties of porous rocks which can be monitored from high frequency rock property variations embedded in the seismic amplitude data. The technique utilizes a dictionary of seismic &amp;ldquo;wavelets&amp;rdquo;, information derived from seismic data before CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; injection, and an optimization algorithm to identify the set of common wavelets that best describe the variations in seismic amplitudes observed pre- and post- CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; injection. The University of Texas-Austin team applied it to investigate the migration pathways of the CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; plume at the Cranfield, Mississippi field demonstration site where such time-lapse surface seismic surveys are available. The raw seismic data showed only a weak signature of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; injection. However, &amp;ldquo;seismic inversion&amp;rdquo; of the data enhanced the information content, showing that the injected CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; migrated mostly along the top of the layer of rock into which it was injected, but there was no leakage through the reservoir seals. This technique affords an effective way to monitor potential leakage of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; plumes at various reservoirs.&lt;/p&gt;</a10:content></item></channel></rss>